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JavaFX 表视图

2024-04-01 分类：Java教程

JavaFX教程 – JavaFX表视图

我们可以使用来自 JavaFX API 的 TableView，TableColumn 和 TableCell 类以表格形式表示数据。

通过实现数据模型和应用单元工厂来填充表中的数据。

表类可以按列排序数据，并在必要时调整列大小。

创建表

表控件是通过实例化 TableView 类创建的。

TableView table = new TableView();
table.setEditable(true);

然后使用 TableColumn 类创建三个列。TableView 类的 getColumns 方法将创建的列添加到表中。

TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
TableColumn emailCol = new TableColumn("Email");

table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);

我们可以通过调用 setVisible 方法隐藏列。

aColumn.setVisible(false).

以下代码创建一个表。

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
  }
  @Override
  public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
    TableView table = new TableView();
    table.setEditable(true);

    TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
    TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
    TableColumn emailCol = new TableColumn("Email");

    table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);
    emailCol.setVisible(false);

    StackPane root = new StackPane();
    root.getChildren().add(table);
    primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 200, 250));
    primaryStage.show();
  }
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。


嵌套标头

使用 JavaFX 表视图，我们可以轻松创建嵌套列。

假设我们要将两个子列添加到地址列。

TableColumn cityCol = new TableColumn("City");
TableColumn stateCol = new TableColumn("State");

然后我们将新创建的列添加到地址列。

addressCol.getColumns().addAll(cityCol, stateCol);

完整的源代码

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
  }
  @Override
  public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
    TableView table = new TableView();
    table.setEditable(true);

    TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
    TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
    TableColumn addressCol = new TableColumn("Email");

    table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, addressCol);

    TableColumn cityCol = new TableColumn("City");
    TableColumn stateCol = new TableColumn("State");

    addressCol.getColumns().addAll(cityCol, stateCol);

    StackPane root = new StackPane();
    root.getChildren().add(table);
    primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 200, 250));
    primaryStage.show();
  }
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。


添加新行

以下代码显示如何向表视图中添加数据。 创建 JavaFX JavaBean 以保存单个行的值。 表中的每一行代表一个名字为姓氏的人。 JavaFX JavaBean 称为 Person，它有两个字段，名字和姓氏。 Person 为这两个值提供了可绑定的属性。

在 UI 逻辑中，它使用 ObservableList 来保存表视图的值。 ObservableList 中的每个元素都是一个Person对象。

在按钮事件处理程序中，它创建一个新的具有硬编码的名字和姓氏的人，然后添加到 ObservableList。

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {

    private final TableView<Person> table = new TableView<>();
    private final ObservableList<Person> data =
            FXCollections.observableArrayList(new Person("A", "B"));
    final HBox hb = new HBox();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
        stage.setWidth(450);
        stage.setHeight(550);

        TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
        firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
        firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
                new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName"));

        TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
        lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
        lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
                new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName"));

        table.setItems(data);
        table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol);

        final Button addButton = new Button("Add");
        addButton.setOnAction((ActionEvent e) -> {
            data.add(new Person("Z","X"));
         });

        hb.getChildren().addAll(addButton);
        hb.setSpacing(3);

        final VBox vbox = new VBox();
        vbox.setSpacing(5);
        vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
        vbox.getChildren().addAll(table, hb);

        ((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);

        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    public static class Person {

        private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
        private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;

        private Person(String fName, String lName) {
            this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
            this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
        }

        public String getFirstName() {
            return firstName.get();
        }

        public void setFirstName(String fName) {
            firstName.set(fName);
        }

        public String getLastName() {
            return lastName.get();
        }

        public void setLastName(String fName) {
            lastName.set(fName);
        }
    }
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。


TableView 列排序

TableView 类具有列的内置排序功能。

我们可以通过点击列标题对数据进行排序。第一次单击启用升序排序，第二次点击使得排序顺序降序，第三个点击禁用排序。

默认情况下，不应用排序。

我们可以排序多个列，并在排序操作中指定每个列的优先级。

要对多个列进行排序，请在按住Shift键的同时单击列标题。

我们可以使用 setSortType 方法设置排序首选项我们可以指定升序或降序类型。

以下代码设置排序的降序类型

aColumn.setSortType(TableColumn.SortType.DESCENDING);

我们可以通过从 TableView.sortOrder observable 列表中添加和删除 TableColumn 实例来指定要排序的列。

TableView.sortOrder observable 列中的列的顺序表示排序优先级。 列表中零索引的项目的优先级高于列表中的第一个项目。

要禁止对列进行排序，请调用该列上的 setSortable(false) 方法。

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {

    private final TableView<Person> table = new TableView<>();
    private final ObservableList<Person> data =
            FXCollections.observableArrayList(new Person("A", "B"),
                new Person("D", "E"));

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
        stage.setWidth(450);
        stage.setHeight(550);

        TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
        firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
        firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
                new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName"));

        TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
        lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
        lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
                new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName"));

        table.setItems(data);
        table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol);

        firstNameCol.setSortType(TableColumn.SortType.DESCENDING);
        lastNameCol.setSortable(false);

        final VBox vbox = new VBox();
        vbox.setSpacing(5);
        vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
        vbox.getChildren().addAll(table);

        ((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);

        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    public static class Person {

        private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
        private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;

        private Person(String fName, String lName) {
            this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
            this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
        }

        public String getFirstName() {
            return firstName.get();
        }

        public void setFirstName(String fName) {
            firstName.set(fName);
        }

        public String getLastName() {
            return lastName.get();
        }

        public void setLastName(String fName) {
            lastName.set(fName);
        }
    }
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。


编辑表中的数据

我们可以在表视图中编辑数据。通过调用 setEditable 方法，我们可以启用表内容的编辑。

setCellFactory 方法安装在 TextFieldTableCell 类中定义的文本字段为每个表单元格。

setOnEditCommit 方法更新表单元格，并且数据绑定需要考虑设置数据回到 JavaFX JavaBean，它用作表视图的下划线数据模型。

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn.CellEditEvent;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.TextFieldTableCell;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {

    private final TableView<Person> table = new TableView<>();
    private final ObservableList<Person> data =
            FXCollections.observableArrayList(
            new Person("A", "B"),
            new Person("C", "D"));
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
        stage.setWidth(450);
        stage.setHeight(550);

        table.setEditable(true);

        TableColumn<Person, String> firstNameCol = 
            new TableColumn<>("First Name");
        firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
        firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
            new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName"));

        firstNameCol.setCellFactory(TextFieldTableCell.<Person>forTableColumn());
        firstNameCol.setOnEditCommit(
            (CellEditEvent<Person, String> t) -> {
                ((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(
                        t.getTablePosition().getRow())
                        ).setFirstName(t.getNewValue());
        });

        TableColumn<Person, String> lastNameCol = 
            new TableColumn<>("Last Name");
        lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
        lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
            new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName"));
       lastNameCol.setCellFactory(TextFieldTableCell.<Person>forTableColumn());
       lastNameCol.setOnEditCommit(
            (CellEditEvent<Person, String> t) -> {
                ((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(
                        t.getTablePosition().getRow())
                        ).setLastName(t.getNewValue());
        });
        table.setItems(data);
        table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol);

        final VBox vbox = new VBox();
        vbox.setSpacing(5);
        vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
        vbox.getChildren().addAll( table);

        ((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);

        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    public static class Person {
        private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
        private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;

        private Person(String fName, String lName) {
            this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
            this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
        }

        public String getFirstName() {
            return firstName.get();
        }

        public void setFirstName(String fName) {
            firstName.set(fName);
        }

        public String getLastName() {
            return lastName.get();
        }

        public void setLastName(String fName) {
            lastName.set(fName);
        }
    }
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。


表编辑提交事件

当运行上面的代码并双击编辑单元格，我们必须按 Enter 键提交编辑。 如果我们只是双击并键入一些值，并单击单元格外，commit 事件不会运行，旧的值将被填充。

我们可以重新定义焦点更改上的 commit 事件。

/* * Copyright (c) 2008, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. * All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. * * This file is available and licensed under the following license: * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * - Neither the name of Oracle nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived * from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.TableCell;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn.CellEditEvent;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Callback;

public class Main extends Application {

  private final TableView<Person> table = new TableView<>();
  private final ObservableList<Person> data = FXCollections
      .observableArrayList(new Person("A", "B"), new Person("C", "D"));

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
  }

  @Override
  public void start(Stage stage) {
    Callback<TableColumn<Person, String>, TableCell<Person, String>> cellFactory = (
        TableColumn<Person, String> p) -> new EditingCell();

    Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
    stage.setWidth(450);
    stage.setHeight(550);

    table.setEditable(true);

    TableColumn<Person, String> firstNameCol = new TableColumn<>("First Name");
    firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
    firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName"));
    firstNameCol.setCellFactory(cellFactory);

    firstNameCol.setOnEditCommit((CellEditEvent<Person, String> t) -> {
      ((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(t.getTablePosition().getRow()))
          .setFirstName(t.getNewValue());
    });

    TableColumn<Person, String> lastNameCol = new TableColumn<>("Last Name");
    lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
    lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName"));

    table.setItems(data);
    table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol);

    final VBox vbox = new VBox();
    vbox.setSpacing(5);
    vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
    vbox.getChildren().addAll(table);

    ((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);

    stage.setScene(scene);
    stage.show();
  }

  class EditingCell extends TableCell<Person, String> {

    private TextField textField;

    public EditingCell() {
    }

    @Override
    public void startEdit() {
      if (!isEmpty()) {
        super.startEdit();
        createTextField();
        setText(null);
        setGraphic(textField);
        textField.selectAll();
      }
    }

    @Override
    public void cancelEdit() {
      super.cancelEdit();

      setText((String) getItem());
      setGraphic(null);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateItem(String item, boolean empty) {
      super.updateItem(item, empty);

      if (empty) {
        setText(null);
        setGraphic(null);
      } else {
        if (isEditing()) {
          if (textField != null) {
            textField.setText(getString());
          }
          setText(null);
          setGraphic(textField);
        } else {
          setText(getString());
          setGraphic(null);
        }
      }
    }

    private void createTextField() {
      textField = new TextField(getString());
      textField.setMinWidth(this.getWidth() - this.getGraphicTextGap() * 2);
      textField.focusedProperty()
          .addListener(
              (ObservableValue<? extends Boolean> arg0, Boolean arg1,
                  Boolean arg2) -> {
                if (!arg2) {
                  commitEdit(textField.getText());
                }
              });
    }

    private String getString() {
      return getItem() == null ? "" : getItem().toString();
    }
  }

  public static class Person {
    private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
    private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;

    private Person(String fName, String lName) {
      this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
      this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
      return firstName.get();
    }

    public void setFirstName(String fName) {
      firstName.set(fName);
    }

    public String getLastName() {
      return lastName.get();
    }

    public void setLastName(String fName) {
      lastName.set(fName);
    }
  }
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。


将数据映射添加到表中

我们可以使用 MapValueFactory 类将 Map 数据添加到表中。

/* * Copyright (c) 2008, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. * All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. * * This file is available and licensed under the following license: * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * - Neither the name of Oracle nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived * from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TableCell;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.MapValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.TextFieldTableCell;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Callback;
import javafx.util.StringConverter;

public class Main extends Application {

    public static final String Column1MapKey = "A";
    public static final String Column2MapKey = "B";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
        stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
        stage.setWidth(300);
        stage.setHeight(500);

        final Label label = new Label("Student IDs");
        label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));

        TableColumn<Map, String> firstDataColumn = new TableColumn<>("Class A");
        TableColumn<Map, String> secondDataColumn = new TableColumn<>("Class B");

        firstDataColumn.setCellValueFactory(new MapValueFactory(Column1MapKey));
        firstDataColumn.setMinWidth(130);
        secondDataColumn.setCellValueFactory(new MapValueFactory(Column2MapKey));
        secondDataColumn.setMinWidth(130);

        TableView tableView = new TableView<>(generateDataInMap());

        tableView.setEditable(true);
        tableView.getSelectionModel().setCellSelectionEnabled(true);
        tableView.getColumns().setAll(firstDataColumn, secondDataColumn);
        Callback<TableColumn<Map, String>, TableCell<Map, String>>
            cellFactoryForMap = (TableColumn<Map, String> p) -> 
                new TextFieldTableCell(new StringConverter() {
                    @Override
                        public String toString(Object t) {
                        return t.toString();
                    }
                    @Override
                    public Object fromString(String string) {
                        return string;
                    }
            });
        firstDataColumn.setCellFactory(cellFactoryForMap);
        secondDataColumn.setCellFactory(cellFactoryForMap);

        final VBox vbox = new VBox();

        vbox.setSpacing(5);
        vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
        vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, tableView);

        ((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);

        stage.setScene(scene);

        stage.show();
    }

    private ObservableList<Map> generateDataInMap() {
        int max = 10;
        ObservableList<Map> allData = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
        for (int i = 1; i < max; i++) {
            Map<String, String> dataRow = new HashMap<>();

            String value1 = "A" + i;
            String value2 = "B" + i;

            dataRow.put(Column1MapKey, value1);
            dataRow.put(Column2MapKey, value2);

            allData.add(dataRow);
        }
        return allData;
    }
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。


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文章名称：《JavaFX 表视图》
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