语句使用Oracle两个WITH语句实现数据查询
在使用Oracle数据库进行数据查询的过程中,我们通常会涉及到使用WITH语句,它可以让我们创建临时表,以便在一个查询中多次使用。本文将介绍如何使用两个WITH语句实现数据查询。
第一步:创建数据表
在本文的示例中,我们将使用以下数据表:
CREATE TABLE employees (
emp_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
emp_name VARCHAR2(50),
emp_salary NUMBER,
emp_dept VARCHAR2(50)
);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, ‘张三’, 5000, ‘IT’);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (2, ‘李四’, 7000, ‘销售’);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (3, ‘王五’, 8000, ‘市场’);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (4, ‘赵六’, 6000, ‘IT’);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (5, ‘钱七’, 9000, ‘人事’);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (6, ‘孙八’, 4000, ‘销售’);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (7, ‘周九’, 10000, ‘市场’);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (8, ‘吴十’, 8000, ‘人事’);
第二步:使用第一个WITH语句
我们首先定义一个包含所有员工及其薪资总和的临时表。我们使用以下语句创建WITH语句:
WITH emp_salary_sum AS (
SELECT emp_dept, SUM(emp_salary) as total_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY emp_dept
),
接着,我们使用下面的查询语句获取emp_salary_sum中所有员工总薪资大于6000的部门:
SELECT emp_dept, total_salary
FROM emp_salary_sum
WHERE total_salary > 6000;
完整的查询语句如下:
WITH emp_salary_sum AS (
SELECT emp_dept, SUM(emp_salary) as total_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY emp_dept
),
dept_salary_sum AS (
SELECT emp_dept, total_salary
FROM emp_salary_sum
WHERE total_salary > 6000
)
SELECT emp_name, emp_salary, emp_dept
FROM employees
WHERE emp_dept IN (SELECT emp_dept FROM dept_salary_sum);
第三步:使用第二个WITH语句
在第二个WITH语句中,我们将获取在薪资总和大于6000的所有部门中,薪资最高的员工。以下是第二个WITH语句的创建过程:
WITH emp_salary_sum AS (
SELECT emp_dept, SUM(emp_salary) as total_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY emp_dept
),
dept_salary_sum AS (
SELECT emp_dept, total_salary
FROM emp_salary_sum
WHERE total_salary > 6000
),
dept_salary_max AS (
SELECT emp_dept, MAX(emp_salary) as max_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_dept IN (SELECT emp_dept FROM dept_salary_sum)
GROUP BY emp_dept
)
我们使用以下查询语句获取结果:
SELECT emp_name, emp_salary, emp_dept
FROM employees
WHERE (emp_dept, emp_salary) IN (
SELECT emp_dept, max_salary FROM dept_salary_max
);
完整的查询语句如下:
WITH emp_salary_sum AS (
SELECT emp_dept, SUM(emp_salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY emp_dept
),
dept_salary_sum AS (
SELECT emp_dept, total_salary
FROM emp_salary_sum
WHERE total_salary > 6000
),
dept_salary_max AS (
SELECT emp_dept, MAX(emp_salary)
FROM employees
WHERE emp_dept IN (SELECT emp_dept FROM dept_salary_sum)
GROUP BY emp_dept
)
SELECT emp_name, emp_salary, emp_dept
FROM employees
WHERE (emp_dept, emp_salary) IN (
SELECT emp_dept, max_salary FROM dept_salary_max
);
结论
本文介绍了如何使用两个WITH语句实现数据查询,可以应用于Oracle数据库查询中。其中,第一个语句创建了一个包含总薪资大于6000的所有部门的列表,而第二个语句从这个列表中获取了薪资最高的员工信息。希望本篇文章能够帮助你更好地理解WITH语句用法。