Oracle数据库是现代企业不可或缺的高性能数据库之一,而高级Oracle DBA对企业的数据安全性和数据库性能有重要的影响,成为企业数据管理的关键角色。在这篇文章中,我们将分享一些有关如何成为高级Oracle DBA的经验和技巧,帮助DBA不断提升自己,走向卓越。
1. 获取专业技能:熟练掌握Oracle数据库管理技能是成为高级Oracle DBA的第一步。在这方面,需要有深厚的Oracle Database知识储备,并熟练掌握故障排除和维护工作的能力。学习和掌握SQL和PL/SQL编程技巧,能够快速有效地解决常见的问题。
2. 获得经验:工作经验对于成为高级Oracle DBA至关重要。在实际工作中,经验丰富的DBA需要能够以最短的时间发现和解决问题,协调开发团队和支持业务部门,通过技术解决方案来确保数据的高可用性和性能。
3. 持续学习:获取知识技能只是开始,DBA需要通过阅读文献、参加在线或现场研讨会或培训来不断更新自己的知识和技能。例如,学习Oracle的最新版本,掌握新功能和最佳实践,这能帮助DBA更好地管理Oracle数据库,保障企业数据库安全和性能。
4. 自我激励:高级Oracle DBA需要积极自我激励,保持清晰头脑,且对于自我提升充满热情。例如,参加有行业权威认证的培训课程,如Oracle OCA、OCP、OCM等级别,这不仅能使DBA更加专业,同时也可以为DBA提供更多的发展机会和就业竞争力。
5. 更新技术工具:数据库技术不断更新,DBA也需要更新自己的技术工具。例如,Oracle的最新版本提供了一些强大的工具和高级功能,如自动存储管理,这可以帮助DBA更快地完成大批量数据操作和维护,从而提高工作效率和工作质量。同时,DBA还可以尝试使用第三方的数据库管理工具,如Oracle Enterprise Manager和Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio等。
6. 培训和实践:接受不同层次的Oracle数据库管理培训和实践非常重要。实践是一个务实的引导,通过实验练习来提升技能、夯实技术功底,同时通过老师的带领和指导来获取更多的经验和知识。
在总结中, 如果你想要成为一位高级的Oracle DBA,以上是一些关键环节和重要步骤。 保持专业知识、不断学习提高自身技能、获取大量的工作经验以及多营造学习的环境,将有助于您打造成功的Oracle DBA职业生涯安全么!
参考代码
————————————————–
—
— 创建Oracle 12C EM用户,设置密码并赋予权限
—
CREATE USER oem IDENTIFIED BY oem_password;
GRANT CONNECT, DBA, EM_EXPRESS_ALL TO oem;
—
— 创建Oracle自动备份模板
—
RUN {
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK CLEAR;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT TO ‘%F’;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE SBT PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF;
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM ‘AES128’;
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BACKED UP 1 TIMES TO DEVICE TYPE DISK;
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO APPLIED ON STANDBY;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # 可提高恢复时间
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1;
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
}
—
— 启用Oracle日志记录监控
—
ALTER SYSTEM SET audit_trl=’db,extended’ SCOPE=SPFILE;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;
— 创建用于收集监控信息的Oracle用户
CREATE USER perf IDENTIFIED BY perf_password;
GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, DBA TO perf;
GRANT SELECT ANY DICTIONARY TO perf;
GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO perf;
GRANT EXECUTE ON sys.dbms_lock TO perf;
— 启用Oracle日志记录监控
AUDIT SESSION, SYSTEM AUDIT ANY, SELECT ANY TABLE, EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE
BY ACCESS;
— 添加Oracle健康监测脚本
BEGIN
DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB (
job_name => ‘monitor_health’,
job_type => ‘PLSQL_BLOCK’,
job_action => ‘
>
DECLARE
alert_threshold NUMBER;
health_status VARCHAR2(10);
num_cpus NUMBER := DBMS_CPU_INFO.NUM_CPUS;
cpu_threshold NUMBER;
num_rollback_segments NUMBER;
rollback_threshold NUMBER;
database_size_mb NUMBER;
db_size_threshold NUMBER;
undo_used_mb NUMBER;
undo_threshold NUMBER;
free_space_mb NUMBER;
space_threshold NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT VALUE INTO alert_threshold FROM V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = ”log_alert_timeout”;
SELECT ROUND(cpu_count * alert_threshold / 100) INTO cpu_threshold FROM (SELECT COUNT(*) cpu_count FROM V$PROCESS);
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO num_rollback_segments FROM DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS;
SELECT ROUND(num_rollback_segments * alert_threshold / 100) INTO rollback_threshold FROM DUAL;
SELECT (SUM(bytes) / 1024 / 1024) INTO database_size_mb FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;
SELECT ROUND(database_size_mb * alert_threshold / 100) INTO db_size_threshold FROM DUAL;
SELECT (SUM(used_ublk * (undoblks / (60 * 60 * 24)))) / (1024 * 1024) INTO undo_used_mb FROM V$TRANSACTION;
SELECT ROUND(undo_used_mb * alert_threshold / 100) INTO undo_threshold FROM DUAL;
SELECT (SUM(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / num_cpus) INTO free_space_mb FROM (SELECT FREE_SPACE FREE_MB FROM V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT WHERE NAME = ”DATA” AND STATE = ”MOUNTED”);
SELECT ROUND(free_space_mb * alert_threshold / 100) INTO space_threshold FROM DUAL;
IF cpu_threshold > num_cpus THEN
health_status := ”CPU_COUNT_ERROR”;
ELSIF rollback_threshold > num_rollback_segments THEN
health_status := ”ROLLBACK_SEGMENT_ERROR”;
ELSIF db_size_threshold > database_size_mb THEN
health_status := ”DATABASE_SIZE_ERROR”;
ELSIF undo_threshold > undo_used_mb THEN
health_status := ”UNDO_SPACE_ERROR”;
ELSIF space_threshold > free_space_mb THEN
health_status := ”DISK_SPACE_ERROR”;
ELSE
health_status := ”OK”;
END IF;
IF health_status ”OK” THEN
RSE_application_ERROR(-20204, health_status);
END IF;
END monitor_health;
‘,
number_of_arguments => 0,
start_date => SYSTIMESTAMP,
repeat_interval => ‘FREQ=HOURLY;BYMINUTE=0’,
end_date => NULL,
enabled => TRUE,
comments => ‘This job checks the health of the database and rses an alert if there are any issues.’
);
END;